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Text File | 1993-12-30 | 7.2 KB | 156 lines | [TEXT/EMAC] |
- This file accompanies an Apple Macintosh port of GNU Emacs 18.59.
- Here are some things to remember:
-
- 1) This document describes differences between GNU Emacs on the
- Macintosh, and GNU Emacs on Unix. It is not an introduction to Emacs.
- Type control-H t in Emacs to get an introduction.
-
- 2) Emacs expects lines of text to end with '\n'. The convention on
- the Macintosh is that lines of text end with '\r'. To work around
- this, Emacs when reading files converts all '\r' characters to '\n'.
- Similarly, when writing files Emacs converts all '\n' characters to
- '\r'. To accommodate this translation, and to allow Emacs to read
- other unconventionally formatted files, the following is done when
- reading any file:
-
- a) If the file name ends with .elc or .bin, no translation is done.
- b) Otherwise, Emacs examines sequentially the first 200 bytes of
- the file. If a '\r' is found before a '\n', then the file will
- be translated. If a '\n' is found before a '\r', then the file
- will not be translated.
- c) If neither a '\r' nor a '\n' is found, the file is translated.
- This way, initially empty files will be translated and thus
- conventional when later made non-empty.
-
- The author of this port welcomes better ideas on heuristics that
- determine the need for translation. See the final item below.
-
- 3) The author's favorite Unix utilities have been ported in addition
- to Emacs. These are ls, grep, ispell, and lpr. Try them using dired,
- M-x grep, M-x ispell, M-x print-buffer, and M-x print-region. You
- should uncomment the appropriate lines in .emacs to use ispell. (The
- program sh is included so that wildcard characters used in arguments
- to ls, grep, and lpr can be expanded in the normal way.) The programs
- chown, chmod, mkdir, and rmdir are included for use in dired mode.
-
- 4) The function of the option key is determined by the variable
- option-is-meta. If option-is-meta is nil, then the option key
- functions as is normal on the Macintosh, and you must use the escape
- key to enter certain commands. If option-is-meta is non-nil, the
- default, then the option key functions as a meta key. In this case
- you can still use command-option for a regular Macintosh option key.
- One quick way to set option-is-meta is from the “Special” menu.
-
- In other implementations the meta key sets the high bit of any
- character typed. On the Macintosh, the meta key prefixes each
- character typed with an escape character. The resulting behavior is
- slightly different at times.
-
- 5) Slashes in filenames within the Finder are translated to colons
- when referenced in Emacs. Colons in filenames within Emacs are
- translated to slashes when referenced by the Finder.
-
- 6) Emacs is System 7 dependent. Emacs uses bit field instructions
- available only on the 68020 or later processors.
-
- 7) Emacs has a 26 bit address space. That's 64 megabytes. If you
- have a Macintosh with more memory than that, Emacs will have to be
- deliberately loaded into low memory, through some kludge not yet
- developed.
-
- 8) Keep your .emacs file in the same directory as the Emacs program.
-
- 9) There should be a folder named “directories” in the same folder
- as Emacs. The use of ~ in directory names is as follows:
- a) The directory “~emacs” is, by definition, the same one that the
- Emacs program is in.
- b) If in the folder “directories” is an alias called “home”,
- then ~/ is the folder targeted by that alias. Otherwise ~/
- is the same as ~emacs.
- c) For any other directory name ~dir, the folder understood
- is the target of the alias “dir” in the “directories”
- folder.
-
- 10) For Emacs elisp hackers only: To start Emacs without loading the
- dumped elisp data, hold the shift key down when starting. To rebuild
- the database, hold the option key down when starting. It is a good
- idea to save a copy of Emacs before rebuilding its database, because
- Emacs saves its dumped data directly into its own resource fork.
-
- 11) If Emacs suddenly quits on you, perhaps during garbage collection
- or byte-compiling, and perhaps with an error of ID 28, try using the
- "Set stack size..." menu item to increase the stack size.
-
- 12) Hackers may like working with the files in the directory lisp:mac.
- But remember this warning: If you start using the Macintosh Toolbox,
- you can easily, and will most likely, crash Emacs, and the entire
- machine, losing all changes in any open documents in Emacs and other
- programs.
-
- 13) The commands in the Edit menu do the following:
-
- Undo calls the elisp function undo. Unlike what is typical
- on the Macintosh, successive undo's will undo more and more
- of what has been changed in the buffer. If you move the
- cursor after successive undo's, the undo command will then
- begin to successively redo what has been undone.
-
- Cut copies the region of the current buffer to the buffer
- named *clipboard*, and also copies that region to the
- System Scrap. Then kill-region, more familiarly known as
- control-W, is called.
-
- Copy is just like Cut, except that copy-region-as-kill,
- more familiarly know as ESC-W, is called instead of
- kill-region.
-
- Paste insures that the buffer named *clipboard* contains
- the contents of the Macintosh System Scrap, then inserts
- the contents of the buffer *clipboard* into the current
- buffer. It does not call the elisp function yank, known
- also as ESC-Y.
-
- Clear calls delete-region, and does nothing with the
- Macintosh System Scrap.
-
- These definitions are in lisp:mac:menus.el, and can be changed.
- The clipboard can be examined in the buffer named *clipboard*.
-
- 14) Emacs can only use fixed-width fonts.
-
- 15) Not all the elisp files included are immediately useful. The
- files dealing with mail are not working, for example. They are
- included for others who have a mail program and might try to make them
- work.
-
- 16) Emacs handles correctly pathnames with aliases used as
- directories. The pathname /HardDrive/Folder/AliasedFolder/File works.
- But pathnames with the final filename an alias work differently. If
- /HardDrive/Folder/Alias is an alias to say /HardDrive/File, then you
- can open and edit that file using the alias. When you save it,
- however, Emacs will first copy /HardDrive/File to
- /HardDrive/Folder/Alias~, then create rewrite /HardDrive/File. This
- may or may not be what you want. This is similar to what Emacs does
- under Unix with symbolic links.
-
- 17) In dired, use the command 'O', which runs chown, to change the
- creator of a file. Use the command 'M', which runs chmod, to change
- the type of a file.
-
- 18) In TeX mode, C-c C-b (TeX-buffer), and C-c C-r (TeX-region) have
- been rewritten to send the appropriate Apple events to Textures. The
- version of Textures required is 1.6.2. You will need to edit the
- .emacs files to load the appropriate lisp code.
-
- 19) Mouse support is at the moment limited to this: Clicking sets
- point, and shift-clicking sets mark.
-
- 20) You can change the fonts available in the Font menu item by
- setting the variable fixed-width-fonts in your .emacs file. The
- default value is ("Courier" "Monaco").
-
- 21) This port is only moderately well tested. It is a development
- version, still undergoing changes. Save often. Send bug reports,
- suggestions, and comments to the author of the port at
- parmet@cs.cornell.edu.
-